Introduction

The Sundarbans (Bengali: সুন্দরবন, Shundôrbôn) is a vast forest in the coastal region of the Bay of Bengal which is one of the natural wonders of the world. Located in the delta region of Padma, Meghnaand Brahmaputra river basins, this unique forest area extends across Khulna, Satkhira, Bagerhat, Patuakhali and Barguna districts. The Sundarbans is the largest forested forest in the world, as the largest mangrove forest in the coastal environment. Sunderbans, which has a population of 6,017 sq km in[[1] ] 10,000 square kilometers,[2] is in Bangladesh. In 1997, Sundarban was recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Bangladesh and Indian part of it is in fact an adjacent part of the uninterrupted landmark, but the list of UNESCO World Heritage List has been listed differently; In the name of "Sundarbans" and "Sundarban National Park" respectively. The Sundarbans are trapped in the net, with small streams of marine streams, mud shores and mangrove forests, small-scale archipelago. 31.1 percent of the total forest area, which is 1,874 sq km, consists of riverbed, inlet, bill, and water.[3] Forests, known for its self-contained Royal Bengal Tiger, as well as numerous species of animals, including Chital Deer, Crocodile and Snakes . According to the survey, 500 tigers and 30,000 chitra deer are now in the Sunderban area. On 21 May 1992, Sundarban was recognized as a Ramsar Site

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Flora

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 A total 245 genera and 334 plant species were recorded by  David Prain  in 1903. [20]  While most of the mangroves in other parts of the world are characterised by members of the  Rhizophoraceae , Avicenneaceae or  Combretaceae , the mangroves of Bangladesh are dominated by the  Malvaceae  and  Euphorbiaceae . [9]  Dominant flora includes: The Sundarbans flora is characterised by the abundance of sundari ( Heritiera fomes ), gewa ( Excoecaria agallocha ), goran ( Ceriops decandra ) and keora ( Sonneratia apetala ) all of which occur prominently throughout the area. The characteristic tree of the forest is the  sundari  ( Heritiera littoralis ), from which the name of the forest had probably been derived. It yields a hard wood, used for building houses and making boats, furniture and other things. New forest accretions is often conspicuously dominated by keora ( Sonneratia apetala ) and tidal forests. It is an indicator spe...
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Physiography

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The mangrove-dominated  Ganges Delta  – the Sundarbans – is a complex  ecosystem  comprising one of the three largest single tracts of mangrove forests of the world. Situated mostly in Bangladesh, a small portion of it lies in India. The Indian part of the forest is estimated to be about 19 percent, while the Bangladeshi part is 81 percent. To the south the forest meets the Bay of Bengal; to the east it is bordered by the  Baleswar River  and to the north there is a sharp interface with intensively cultivated land. The natural drainage in the upstream areas, other than the main river channels, is everywhere impeded by extensive embankments and  polders . The Sundarbans was originally measured (about 200 years ago) to be of about 16,700 square kilometres (6,400 sq mi). Now it has dwindled into about 1/3 of the original size. The total land area today is 4,143 square kilometres (1,600 sq mi), including exposed  sandba...
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Importance of Sundarban

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The Sundarbans mangrove forest, one of the largest such forests in the world (140,000 ha), lies on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. It is adjacent to the border of India’s Sundarbans World Heritage site inscribed in 1987. The site is intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests, and presents an excellent example of ongoing ecological processes. The area is known for its wide range of fauna, including 260 bird species, the Bengal tiger and other threatened species such as the estuarine crocodile and the Indian python.  
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